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Another way to evaluate and compare the
experiences of these black populations is to look at the degree to which
their neighborhoods are segregated from those of other groups and from one
another. We have seen that the
socio-economic conditions of Afro-Caribbeans and Africans are different
from African Americans, and we now ask whether their residential
surroundings are also distinct.
To
study this question, we turn again to the summary files in which
Afro-Caribbeans are identified by ancestry and Africans by country of
birth.
The
1990 and 2000 population censuses allow us to calculate levels of group
isolation (the percentage of same-group members in the census tract where
the average group member lives); exposure to all non-Hispanic blacks and
exposure to whites (defined as the percentage of the non-Hispanic blacks
and non-Hispanic whites, respectively, in the census tract where the
average group member lives); and segregation (the Index of Dissimilarity)
from non-Hispanic whites and from other black groups (the scores show the
percent of a given group that would have to move to another tract in order
for the two groups to be equally distributed). These are indicators of the extent to which a group has
developed its own residential enclaves in metropolitan areas. We calculated these figures by computing
levels of isolation, exposure, and dissimilarity in every metropolitan
area, then taking a weighted average, giving more weight to areas with more
group members.
|
Table 5. Segregation
of black populations: national metro averages
|
|
|
|
African
Americans
|
Afro-
Caribbeans
|
African-
Born
|
|
Exposure to whites
|
1990
|
33.4
|
33.5
|
56.7
|
|
2000
|
33.3
|
29.9
|
46.3
|
|
|
|
Segregation (D) from
whites
|
1990
|
68.6
|
74.1
|
69.6
|
|
2000
|
65.0
|
71.8
|
67.8
|
|
|
|
Isolation (exposure
to own group)
|
1990
|
54.3
|
12.5
|
1.8
|
|
2000
|
49.4
|
15.3
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
Exposure to blacks
|
1990
|
56.1
|
47.3
|
23.3
|
|
2000
|
51.8
|
47.3
|
28.3
|
|
|
|
Segregation from
African Americans
|
1990
|
---
|
46.6
|
68.9
|
|
2000
|
---
|
42.5
|
59.2
|
|
|
|
Segregation from
Afro-Caribbeans
|
1990
|
62.3
|
---
|
66.7
|
|
2000
|
56.3
|
---
|
60.3
|
|
|
|
Segregation from
Africans
|
1990
|
75.8
|
66.1
|
---
|
|
2000
|
66.7
|
60.0
|
---
|
|